Fabric Material Guide: Types of Different Fabrics
1. Cotton
Durable, renewable, affordable, easy to wash, and suitable to wear. Where would one find so many qualities in a fabric other than cotton? No wonder, why cotton is considered the most popular and favored fabric. Cotton, well renowned for its exceptional qualities, is versatile. Be it in solid color or patterned, it’s available in diverse colors to please the visual appearance. Moreover, from saree to pants, or top to bottom, the fabric is suitable to be stitched for any garment.
Additionally, cotton fabric is widespread with diverse types. It is also known for having varieties like denim, velvet, conventional, recycled, etc. Few of them, like recycled cotton, are considered eco-friendly. Some other types are water-intensive but most of them are adaptable to grow in any climate. It’s also said that cotton is a widely non-food crop cultivated across corners.
Going beyond clothing, cotton is also used to create accessories like bags, hats, and even more innovative products like jewelry! Moreover, its popularity has given birth to other variants like muslin and cot silk, each having unique characteristics.
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2. Twill
While slouching on your coach or covering yourself with a quilt, twill is a kind of fabric you have surely encountered. It is a kind of weave which can be distinguished with parallel ribs. It is more often used for clothing and bedding because of its ability to hide the stain well and maintain durability. Be it your furniture coverings, bedsheets, jeans, etc, its diagonal ribs not only elevate its appearance but also ensure durability.
Twill fabric is created when the weft thread passes over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads. This is the reason for it having a distinguishable diagonal pattern on the fabric. Another remarkable factor is that this pattern can be created using any fabric like cotton, linen, wool, silk, polyester, rayon, and even synthetics like nylon and acrylics. Also, they are versatile and come in varied weight sizes depending on the application they are used for.
Lightweight twills are often used in apparel such as shirts and blouses due to their softness and easiness to drape while heavier twills are used for upholstery fabrics because they are resilient enough to withstand wear and tear over time. Twill has fabric tightly woven which makes it even water-resistant, making them very ideal to use for outdoor applications locking the moisture.
The most popular types of twill fabrics include denim, known for its sturdiness, and used for making jeans. Gabardine, renowned for its durability, is a highly tight woven woolen cloth. Chino is a lightweight blend of cotton. Corduroy is a velvet-like material that is ribbed. Each kind is appreciated for its unique characteristics and texture. To state an example, denim characteristics make it ideal for making jeans while the softness of chino is good for attire like skirts or pants.
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3. Linen
Linen is a fabric that has a rich history, resulting in its popularity. It is derived from the fibers of the flax plant, usually cultivated in the area of Europe and parts of Asia. Moreover, finding its versatility by being used in applications for clothing, bedding, tablecloths, curtains, and more.
The process of making linen fabric starts with harvesting the flax plant. Then follows the retting process where loosening the fabric takes place. After this, the fabric is being dried up for the removal of debris and impurities. The fibers are then spun into yarns which can be woven into linen cloth.
Known for its durability and resilience, the fabric is highly absorbent and dries quickly making it ideal for warm climates. Also, this exceptional fabric doesn’t stick to the skin refraining the discomfort. Also, linen is good for people with sensitive skin or allergies to certain fabrics as it is hypoallergenic in nature.
Not just for clothing, linen is also good to adorn as it can be used to decorate in the form of upholstery and curtains. The reason for it being preferred is because of its wrinkle resistance and nature to hold color and doesn’t fade. This ensures its aesthetic is maintained and could last for years. Always prioritize buying quality pieces that are pre-shrunk and maintain their shape even after washing. For outdoor use, choose linen items that are treated with water repellent to avoid damage when exposed to moisture or rain.
The process of making linen fabric starts with harvesting the flax plant. The stems are then retted (soaked) to loosen the fibers from their stems. After this process, they are dried and combed to separate out any remaining seedpods or other debris. The fibers are then spun into yarns which can be woven into linen cloth.
Linen fabric is known for its strength and durability as well as its unique texture. It is highly absorbent but also dries quickly so it can be used in hot weather without becoming uncomfortable or sticky against the skin. Additionally, linen is hypoallergenic so it’s an excellent choice for those with sensitive skin or allergies to certain fabrics like wool or cotton.
Linen fabric also offers many benefits when used in home decorating projects such as curtains or upholstery due to its natural wrinkle resistance and ability to hold color well over time without fading easily. This makes it a great choice for creating timeless looks that will last for years to come. When shopping for linen fabric you should look out for quality pieces that have been pre-shrunk so you don’t have any surprises when washing them at home later on down the line – this will help ensure your garments keep their shape over time too! Additionally, if you plan on using your linen items outdoors make sure they are treated with a water repellent finish so they don’t become damaged by rain or moisture exposure over time.
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4. Polyester Fabric
Considered one of the best synthetic materials, polyester has been used for ages to tailor upholstery, clothing, and other uses. What makes it a popular choice is its wrinkle resistance and robustness. Another innate ability polyester possesses is giving a beautiful look to decoration, alike cotton and wool at a lower cost. This has also been the reason contributing to its popularity.
Polyester fabric is made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is derived from petroleum and coal tar derivatives. Out of this fabric, various types can be invented when spun. It can be weaved into different textures akin to satin, velvet, chiffon, twill, or even corduroy. Moreover, it can be curated into different patterns and textures with flexibility to match any style
The biggest advantage of this fabric is its strength which doesn’t cause it wear and tear easily. This makes it the perfect choice for fabricating curtains, pillows, and other enduring items used out frequently. Its moisture-repellent properties make it best to use for outdoor items as it stops the growth of mildew which can be caused if left untreated.
Additionally, it needs bare maintenance as it doesn’t ask for frequent washing and ironing, unlike other fabrics like cotton or wool. This keeps its appearance appealing even if treated with a damp cloth to clean. Also, it doesn’t fade away if washed nor loses its color if exposed to sunlight.
Polyester also stands apart with its feature of affordability for production of it costs lower than producing other natural fibers.
That means one doesn’t have to burn the pocket while buying something fashionable with impeccable quality.
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5. Fleece Fabric
Fleece fabric is a kind of synthetic fabric that has garnered popularity in recent times. Crafted out of polyester fiber, it is lightweight and soft making it suitable to use in various things. Be it hats, gloves, clothing, or outdoor gear, fleece is a one-fabric-fits-all thing! For its ability to give warmth and being water-repellent, fleece is used to make jackets or sleeping bags.
The advantages of fleece fabric are not one but many. Compared to other fabrics, it’s lightweight in nature and doesn’t lose its shape easily. Resulting, it doesn’t shrink even after being washed repeatedly maintaining the shape retention. Also, it dries easily and resists moisture absorption. This makes it suitable to wear for activewear or sportswear.
There are certain things that need to be considered while buying fleece fabric including its thickness, length, fabric’s capacity to hold the color, breathability, and durability. The thickness of fabric influences its durability where the thicker one stays longer while thinner ones are less durable
Special attention must be given while sewing the fleece fabric which can be done using a normal sewing machine. Sharp needles might gash the fabric due to its delicacy, so it’s advised to use a ballpoint needle to get the work done.
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6. Silk Fabric
Though not animal-friendly, silk is a fabric that has been popular for ages because of its unmatchable texture. It is a very luxurious fabric with a beautiful appearance used for making sarees. Over time, more of its varieties are emerging, like Ashina silk, which is more ethical in making than conventional silk.
It is also considered one of the oldest fabrics ever known to civilization. Rooted deep in history, it is widely used for clothing and curating other items. It is deprived when caterpillars spin their cocoon which leads to the emergence of natural fiber. The production of silk fabric involves several steps including harvesting raw materials, spinning thread from the cocoon fibers, weaving together threads into cloth, and dyeing or printing designs onto finished pieces of fabric. The process begins with collecting cocoons where they are boiled to loosen up the strands which are then reeled off into continuous lengths of thread called filaments. These filaments are then spun together to create a single strand strong enough to weave into cloth on a loom machine.
After weaving is completed, it is dyed, colored, or patterned in different ways. Notably, it doesn’t wrinkle easily which makes the clothing look great even after multiple uses. Sparking a charm of sophistication, it is also used to create an array of other varieties like mulberry silk, crepe de chine, Chinese Tussah silk, Indian eri silk, etc.
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7. Organza Fabric
Organza fabric is a sheer, lightweight, and stiff fabric that is made from silk or synthetic fibers. It is best preferred to use for clothing, making decorative items, or any accessories like hats or scarves. Organza gives a touch of elegance to the garments for their airy and fluffy appearance.
It is more often fancy for wedding dresses due to its lightness and sheen. When layered over other fabrics, it can turn out as a beautiful drape with extraordinary details necessary for bridal gowns. Organza is also commonly used in veils, wraps, sashes, and other bridal refinements attached in dresses. Moreover, it comes in subtle hues like white, ivory, champagne, and blush pink which can be customized as per the event and preferences. At that, the fabric allows the light to pass through it which gives an extra flair of charm when worn.
The stiffness of organza makes it ideal for creating structured pieces such as bodices or corsets, providing support and maintaining the lightweight. With the stiffness of the fabric, the garments stay in their shape giving them freedom to move.
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8. Voile Fabric
Voile fabric is commonly used to craft home decor or accessories because of its lightweight and sheer material quality. The word ‘voile’ originated from the French verb ‘voiler’ which literally means to veil or cover. It was first coined in the 18th century and was initially associated with sheer fabric. Later, any fabric with open weave and lightweight was started being considered as voile.
It has excellent drapability where it can be drawn into many pleats with detailed layering and holding of each. Another extraordinary factor is that, voile is breathable which makes it an ideal fit to opt for during summers providing coverage. Moreover, voile is available in a spectrum of colors as per the preferences.
The versatility of voile is also something to note. To take an instance, it works wonders when it comes to tailoring sophisticated dresses that look breezy like bell-sleeved blouses. To craft a heavy dress out of it, a double layer of voile can be used without compromising style.
Its versatility also extends to home decor as it is often used to create curtains. They are an ideal fit for it as they not only let the air in but also give a translucent look to the outsiders maintaining privacy.
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9. Rayon Fabric
Rayon is well known for its unique blend of qualities, making it a favorable choice for clothing. It is a semi-synthetic fiber, derived from cellulose and can be converted into filaments, threads, or yarn. The exceptional qualities it possesses are being breathable, lightweight, delicate, and absorbent, making it suitable for garments like sleepwear, lingerie, blouses, or draped/pleated dresses.
The production process of rayon commences with the extraction of cellulose, following which, the fiber is treated with various chemicals like caustic soda, to get a vicious solution called ‘dope.’ Weaving and knitting take place by forming fibers with techniques like wet or dry spinning. To get the desired finished product, additional steps like dyeing can be considered taking place.
Rayon’s versatility also lies in its ability to adapt the colors and resist wrinkles very easily. This ability to stay intact makes it the best companion while traveling or using professional wear to maintain sophistication. Also, its excellent absorbent nature makes it suitable to even use for medical applications like bandages or surgical gowns.
Rayon fabrics are also affordable as compared with other natural fibers like wool or cotton. This makes it a great choice for someone who is planning to design elegant clothing with the fabric while also not going heavy on pockets.
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10. Chiffon fabric
Chiffon fabric is a lightweight, sheer material that has been used for centuries to create beautiful clothing and accessories. It is curated with several fabrics like cotton, silk, polyester, or rayon. It is a kind of material that gives a translucent look when held against the light, depicting an airy look that makes drapes on evening dresses and gowns made out of it look luxurious and graceful.
It was back in the 18th century when a French dressmaker named Jean-Baptiste Garsault, invented chiffon. He deliberately intermixed two threads: one fine and the other coarse. The experiment came out so beautifully that it gained quick popularity, making almost all fashion designers in Europe adopt the same. By the 19th century, people started styling chiffon to create many garments like skirts, blouses, scarves, etc.
It’s also popular because it weighs neither too bulky nor heavy on the body, making it a good-to-go choice for wedding dresses and gowns, radiating all the charm. It’s also a popular choice for formal wear because of its polish and finished look. People also consider making casual dresses like skirts, blouses, and other items out of it and it’s best for traditional dresses as well.
Be mindful while buying chiffon fabric as several things need to be considered. If looking for something more structured, buy silk or polyester which can be an ideal fit. For lighter items, go with other options like rayon or cotton. Always ensure to read the washing instructions for its maintenance.
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11. Velvet Fabric
Being one of its kind, velvet is a tufted fabric where every thread is evenly cut giving it a soft feel. Exuding such a radiant look, it has been around for centuries being everyone’s favorite. Be it clothing, upholstery, bedding, or making accessories, velvet is versatile enough for all.
It has its genesis back in the Middle Ages when it was invented. The weavers in Italy there first started creating it from silk or wool. Later, they started creating it from other fibers like cotton or synthetic fibers. It was considered a symbolization of royalty and pride, during the Renaissance period. Even during the Victorian age, it was used to create formal gowns and cloaks.
Velvet is prominent for the smooth texture it provides which makes one feel warm during winters. It adds a touch of glam if adorned with any wedding dress or accessories. Also, it can be dyed hassle-free in any color as per the preferences.
An advantage of using velvet is that it is durable. Also, velvet has an extraordinary ability to be resistant to wrinkles, nullifying the problem of ironing. The only thing which asks for extra attention, when it comes to velvet, is washing. Though it is durable and strong, velvet can be damaged if washed with water. That’s why dry cleaning is advised for velvet clothes and accessories.
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12. Satin Fabric
Renowned for its smoothness, softness, and elegance, satin is a kind of fabric that has been used throughout history. It is usually woven into a plain weave manner with fibreof cotton or silk. They are generally used for clothing, bedding, and upholstery, available in a plethora of textures, designs, patterns, and colors.
The term “satin” comes from the Chinese word shantung which means “silk cloth”. In the Middle Ages, it was known as “serge” or “sarcenet” and was often used to make fine garments for royalty and nobility. By the time the 18th century proceeded, bridal gowns had a touch of satin in them which elevated their look.
Undoubtedly, there is no fabric that can match the distinctive qualities of satin. It has a sheen and sleek look, exuding sophistication, and luster. The intricacies in the fabric are added as the light reflects on it which portrays different visions through each dimension. Handling it is easy for wearers as it is durable and also lightweight in nature.
Satin, being a delicate fabric, must be taken extra care of. Ironing on a high setting can make it burn, so always keep the temperature low while ironing. Hard detergents while washing might affect the luster, therefore advised to go with soft handwash.
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13. Jacquard Fabric
Named after the inventor, Jacquard fabric is a type of woven fabric used since the 1800s. He developed a loom which gave birth to more intricate designs in the fabric.
These fabrics are being deprived of natural fibers like cotton, linen, silk, or wool. Also, it can be made with synthetic materials like polyester or nylon. The distinctive feature of jacquard is that it has raised textured designs created using colorful threads. This makes it the best choice for making cushions, pillow covers, upholstery, etc which could meet the aesthetics with all the charm.
The designs of this fabric are often coupled with motifs, geometrical shapes, or flowers which gives it an exquisite look. Also, it does wonders, if tailored with a cloth with a multi-colored touch of Jacquard.
Due to its raised texture, Jacquard is comparatively heavier which makes it ideal for upholstery or bedding. This makes it durable as it undergoes an additional yarn-weaving process. Also, jacquards are tightly woven which keeps dirt and dust at bay. It also makes cleaning easy with a wipe or wash. In addition, due to the effective construction of the fabric, it doesn’t lock the airflow which makes it breathable and allows moisture to absorb.
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14. Gabardine Fabric
Known for its strength and durability, gabardine is a fabric that is made out of synthetic fibretightly woven with cotton or wool. It was originally used to make uniforms for army soldiers but later took a step in fashion as well. The reason for an option for gabardine is because it’s strong, easy to care for, and wrinkle-resistant.
Originally, it was invented in the 19th century by Thomas Burberry, to create a waterproof uniform for the military. He utilized worsted yarns which were twisted by treating them with an oil-based wax coating. With its ability to provide comfort in diverse climates, it gained prominence among military personnel.
Gabardine soon made its way into fashion with many designers using the fabric to create stylish garments such as suits, jackets, trousers, skirts, dresses, and even coats. The fabric has a tight weave which gives it its shape and avoids the coming of wrinkles. The blend of fabric is loved so much that people still wear the trench coat made out of it.
Gabardine fabrics are available in various options for weight which can be preferred as per the climate. It’s also available in various options for fibre depending on an individual’s needs. Also, the fibrechosen influences many factors like breathability, appearance, etc. Thus, it’s better to consider it before purchasing.
An additional benefit is that gabardine is very easy to care for. It doesn’t ask for much attention as washing it can be done on the machine. It also dries quickly. But the only thing that needs to be considered is that some gabardine fabrics might need dry cleaning. The best of the interest is to read instructions carefully before washing and ironing.
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